What Is a Xanthoma?
Xanthoma is the medical name for yellow-colored bumps, lumps, or plate-like lesions on or under your skin. Usually xanthomas form when the blood contains too much of a certain type of fat, called lipids. Specialized cells in the skin and other soft tissues will ingest the lipids, causing the formation of the xanthomas. Their number, size, shape and location vary. In the lower extremity, xanthomas are usually seen in the Achilles tendon, behind the ankle. Most people who have xanthomas have a genetic imbalance that causes the lipid levels to rise far above normal. The most common imbalance seen is a condition called Familial Hyperlipidemia. It is important that people with these disorders be seen by a doctor on a regular basis because, although the xanthomas are relatively harmless, the excess lipids lead to serious conditions such as heart disease, atherosclerosis, and pancreatitis. Our Wichita podiatrist explains more below.
How Does a Xanthoma Feel?
Usually there is no pain or discomfort with xanthomas. Some may itch or become irritated by clothing or shoe gear. If the lesion is large, or is closely involved with a nerve, it may cause pain or discomfort.
How To Test for a Xanthoma
A simple blood test, called a lipid profile, can be done to evaluate your lipid level. Other blood tests would be performed to obtain more vital information. An x-ray, MRI, or ultrasound may be done to further assess the xanthomas, particularly if they are painful.
What Causes a Xanthoma?
When too much lipid is present in the bloodstream, specialized cells in the skin and soft tissues ingest some of the extra lipids. As the lipids accumulate, the xanthomas become bigger.
What Can I Do for a Xanthoma?
You should eat a diet low in fat and cholesterol. The fat in your diet should be no more than 10% of your total daily calories. Exercise is very important. A regular exercise program can improve your lipid profile, as well as reduce your risk for heart disease and improve your overall health. If you have problematic xanthomas, see your doctor.
What Will My Podiatrist Do for a Xanthoma?
Depending on the results of your lipid profile, your doctor may start you on a diet and exercise program, or start you on one or more cholesterol lowering medications. If medications are needed, your doctor will adjust the type and dose of the medication until your lipid levels are more normal. Usually the xanthomas will disappear as the lipid levels approach normal. In rare instances, surgical management may be indicated.
Can I Prevent a Xanthoma?
Yes, by normalizing your lipid levels with doctor supervision. Follow a proper diet and exercise program, and take any medications as directed by your physician.
